Germany has marked the 50th anniversary of the building of the Berlin Wall which dominated the city for over 28 years.
In 1961 communist East Germany decided to block off the streets, cut rail links and begin building a wall of barbed wire and cement to prevent the flow of people to the democratic West.
The sudden move shocked the world and lead to hundreds of deaths as refugees attempted to flee the poverty-stricken East behind the Soviet Iron Curtain.